Radio Essays - Radio Electronics, Broadcast Engineering, Free Essays

Radio Essays - Radio Electronics, Broadcast Engineering, Free Essays Radio HISTORY Towards the finish of the nineteenth century researchers were endeavoring to send messages over separations without wires. They were not looking for a methods for mass-correspondence, yet essentially investigating the chance of utilizing electromagnetic waves so as to convey between two fixed focuses. There in no single creator of radio, it originated from a few worldwide turns of events. The pioneers of radio considered crafted by a British physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who distributed his hypothesis of electromagnetic waves in 1873. It was the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz who originally created such waves electrically. In spite of the fact that, the waves he thought of couldn't travel huge separations. It was an Italian circuit repairman and innovator Guglielmo Marconi who prevailing with regards to creating both a reasonable beneficiary and an improved flash oscillator, which was associated with a compelling recieving wire to transmit radio waves over critical separations. In 1896 Marconi transmitted signs for a separation more noteworthy than 1.6 km. Inside a time of his first show he transmitted signs from shore to a boat adrift 29 km away. In 1899 he set up business correspondence among England and France, and in 1901 he prevailing with regards to sending a basic message over the Atlantic. This was still just remote transmission of signs as opposed to remote transmission of sound itself. On Christmas Eve in 1906 an American, Reginald Fessenden, figured out how to transmit discourse and music more than a few hundred miles out to the ocean. Throughout the following not many years different exhibitions followed in the United States, Britain, and Europe. The mix of nonstop signals being conveyed from transmitters and increasingly touchy recipients laid the specialized reason for all the more wide-scale tuning in, however there was in the years still little valuation for the mediums social prospects. Radio was thought of private methods for highlight point correspondence, instead of open methods for mass correspondence. The main huge clients of radio waterfront, marine, armed force, and knowledge administrations were, be that as it may, content with this methodology. Both British and Germans utilizing radio to convey to maritime powers from the start, and governments securing every single remote station, appeared to settle in this example. World War 1 additionally spurred specialized research. In the interwar years, film and famous papers were at that point furnishing ever bigger quantities of individuals with amusement and data on a national scale. People were being considered in huge numbers and this implied mass markets for a wide range of purchaser merchandise. So when the early remote novices requested something to tune in to, organizations, for example, Marconi in Britain and the General Electric Company and Westinghouse in America were quick to deliver radio collectors. The valuable capacity engaged with a radio is that you can tune your radio to a radio broadcast by utilizing the control handle on the radio. On a standard radio there are two groups you can change to AM and FM. FM represents recurrence balance, and AM represents, adequacy adjustment. The contrast between the two groups are how they are communicated. AM is being sufficiency adjustment the pitch of the radio waves depend on the abundancy of the wave. So for instance the higher the plentifulness the higher the pitch the radio will get. With respect to FM on the grounds that the waves arent dependent on the plentifulness they depend on the recurrence of the waves. So the more continuous the waves are the higher the pitch of the sound. A radio works by utilizing a recieving wire, which captures some portion of the radio waves. A sign voltage over the loop initiates a voltage in the curl, the recurrence (AM, FM) is then picked by the variable capacitor. The capacitor in my circuit is just tuned for AM. At that point the recurrence comes out of the capacitor and into the transistor, which you use to tune your radio to a station on that recurrence. The normal electrical force utilized is:

Qualifying Exam Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Qualifying Exam Practice - Essay Example As of late, some specific scholars made concentration upon the immense stands of the restricting ideal models in a definitive compatibility of hypothetical clearness in this matter of voter enactment. In any case, it presently shows up as though it is a reestablished issue in incorporating and injecting social speculations towards an increasingly known and adjusted worldview (Bell, 1992). The article of voter enactment misfortunes, reviews a portion of these contemplations that ought to be featured by the parliament, and consequently empower further request and movement into the social hypothesis models, particularly as they connect to the contention being referred to, and its goals application both locally and universally. In addition, certain key ideas would be proposed as a constant advance toward achieving this goal in the United States of America. The underlying advance identifies with a hypothetical enlarging of C. Wright’s idea of sociological creative mind. The subsequ ent advance is hypothesized by George Ritzer’s enthusiasm for meta-speculations and it clarifies the mixture of thoughts from his Major degrees of social examination model. The last one concerns the investigation of new measurements and involves the elements of the social cubism model via Sean (Bew, 1990). With the fall of socialism and the Cold war geo[[political request, three interlinked inclinations surface in particular, the developing debilitation of belief systems dependent on present day objectivity, the arrangement of another transnational request with a coordinated monetary instrument, guidelines and proportions of creation and utilization, and the general fall of the brought together country state, and current regional sway. When seen basically, all these affected the present voter recognizable proof enactment issue of the United States of America. The ascent of ethno political clashes can be molded by both indigenous perspectives and worldwide confinements. Levels of mutual linkages shape such clashes. For ethno political clashes, both the relations and the universal framework that happen among the countries states must be contemplated. In the universal framework, the course of capital, belief systems, and the utilization of certain significant forces influence the ascent of contention between and inside states (Bell, 1992). The significance of miniaturized scale national issues express that structures brought ethno political clash prompting smaller scale and full scale pressures and issues of impasses. The state can be viewed as losing a few parts of its unique intensity of a self-character without anyone else, which is a typical, and a self-administering authenticity. Social and class characters, can be supplanted in certain situations with ethnic, strict, and affiliations having regional beginning. In addition, the new characters attempt to depict self-assurance, acknowledge bunch definitions and standards, and achieve ethno regional acti vation, ethno policy centered issues, dividing of the state, and not overlooking regionalism around the world. Globalization attempts to implement these neighborhood assurances and connections in light of the financial personality made by the world markets in the transnational request (Bew, 1992). These days, inquire about on ethno regional governmental issues regularly looks at legislative issues, and not overlooking monetary structures, in order to underline the contending interests of gatherings, or will in general use a psychoanalytic technique to accentuate the part of both social and mental

The Bullwhip Effect and Your Supply Chain

The Bullwhip Effect and Your Supply Chain There are a lot of uncertainties when it comes to your supply chain and in order for you to avoid most if not all of them you need to understand how it all works and know that one simple mistake might ruin the balance in the supply chain.Both in life and in finance balance is crucial because one wrong move can put you and your entire company in debt leading to a slow state of recovery at best.One of those wrong moves is not knowing what the Bullwhip Effect is and how to avoid it.Once you figure out how you can avoid getting caught in the Bullet Effect you will be more careful when making your financial moves and also know how to forecast future events much more effectively.Don’t let this introduction scare you because I’ll be explaining everything you need to know when it comes to dealing with the Bullwhip Effect.So without further ado, let’s jump straight to it.WHAT IS THE BULLWHIP EFFECT?The Bullwhip Effect commonly referred to as the Forrester effect and is called the Forres ter effect because it originated from Jay Forrester and he wrote a book in 1961, called “Industrial dynamics” and he was basically trying to explain to account for the unforeseen spikes in demand within a supply chain.These unforeseen spikes in demand within a supply chain have a reverberating effect throughout the entire supply chain to the extent where every member of the supply chain wraps up their inventory counts to account for the demand that they suddenly came face to face with.How this works is everyone ramps up their inventory counts and then all of a sudden for example the next month or two the demand is not there anymore and you are left with a lot of products in your inventory and not a lot of sales to back it all up.This is basically a very simple and straight forward process to understand, but what I see is that a lot of companies today are either unaware or choose to ignore it or even think that it doesnt that much of an impact, but they are terribly wrong.FIVE CR UCIAL PARTS OF THE BULLWHIP EFFECTThere are five signs you can look for in order to make sure the bullwhip effect is not going to impact your inventory or at least give you some insight into what to look out for in order to make sure that you are protected against these unforeseen spikes in demand.Essentially, what the bullwhip effect shows is that every member of the supply chain relies on the other:The vendor sells the manufacturer raw materials for the product;The manufacturer relies upon the feedback in terms of forecasts from the distributor;  The distributor relies upon the wholesaler in terms of product orders;The wholesaler relies on the retailer in terms of stock.And this typical order of supply chain can easily be disrupted simply when one day you have this consumer or a series of consumers that come in and they all of a sudden place this huge order and they essentially liquidate the retailers’ inventory completely.A MORE PRACTICAL EXAMPLETo put things more into perspect ive Im going to give a simple but more practical example of how this all works.I dont drink beer but I think that beer is a good example and I will tell you why later.So let’s say that the consumers are buying beer and a whole group of people comes in a period of about a month and they buy the retailers whole inventory and let’s say that the retailers inventory was about 500 cases of beer and at the end of the month it is down to zero.Typically the retailer sells a certain amount every two months and all of a sudden they sold this two-month volume all in one month and so their anticipation is that they are going to be selling that amount every single month moving forward.What happens is and of using 500 cases of beer every two months they think that they’re going to need 500 cases every month, and this is where it all begins.The retailer sends an order over to the wholesaler for 1000 cases because what they want is to replenish their inventory to account for this new demand th at they see so the wholesaler gets this order.What happens next is that the wholesaler wants to place a larger order of 1500 cases of beer to the distributor.Then the distributor has to buy more from the manufacturer and place an order for 2000 cases.And finally, the manufacturer thinks he needs to buy more raw materials and they place a larger order for raw materials in order to match this demand.When all the orders fall into place virtually every subject of the supply chain has doubled their inventory because they expect that the demand now that it has doubled will stay that way, but that usually isnt the case.THE MAIN PROBLEMWhat happens is this all looks fantastic to everyone, because all of a sudden there is this increased demand and they think it’s going to continue, next month when the consumers come in and their order volume is 250 and it puts all of this out of line because everyone’s inventory is higher than it was before.How this manifests is when the wholesaler calls the retailer, the retailer will say that they have plenty of inventory, and the distributor calls the wholesaler the same problem,   later the manufacturer calls the distributor- again the same problem, the vendor calls the manufacturer, you guessed it -the same problem.And this is why it’s called the Bullwhip Effect. It’s this process where a single and sudden change in demand has a reverberating effect across the entire supply chain.Sounds scary and is even scarier in reality.In order for this to not happen to your supply chain, you need to understand some key elements when it comes to knowing how the market functions and how to avoid bad investment plans.What you need to do as a company in order to make sure that you’re aware of these type situations and that it can be a little bit more proactive, and also that there can be some unforeseen events which can quickly create the Bullwhip Effect.WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW1. SeasonalityOne of the things you need to pay attention to is seasonality and what it means that in some consumer markets there are certain times a year where are demand suddenly spiked.So in terms of beer (I said I was going to get back to beer) every super bowl Sunday beer spikes in demand, the same goes for Thanksgiving and Christmas or any other holiday when you can expect a large family gathering.Planning ahead when to make a large order and when not will help you not get stuck in the Bullwhip Effect and will assure that you don’t make that mistake just because of a sudden change in demand.2. Business CyclesIn other markets it’s a concern of business cycles, it’s common for some companies that have some quarters that are busier than other so you need to understand which quarters are going to have a rapid change in demand and which won’t.For this element, it takes some planning skills and also market research because you arent careful one unexpected change in demand can have an impact on all of your quarters.The Bullwhip Effect is a magnet for business cycles so take care.If you are able to stop the Bullwhip Effect in one or more of your quarters right at the very start you might manage to stop it from impacting other quarters as well so this is an important element to keep an eye on. 3. New Production IntroductionThe third thing you need to understand is new product introductions now one of the things that happen is that we live in a digital market where things can catch on very quickly and products can become suddenly extremely popular.And a lot of times companies launch a product not understanding just how much a product can become popular because they can’t possibly see it so suddenly that product takes off and there is a sudden mad rush to go out and buy that new product.But then that demand goes off, and if you look throughout history in terms of consumers introductions with products, for example, the Sony PlayStation, you will see a large spike in demand and people will go to extreme measures just to buy that product.This sudden spike in demand is the main reason why some companies after releasing a popular product fall into the trap of the Bullwhip Effect because when that new product becomes old news, they are left with a massive inventory and are forced to sell the product at a much lower price, liquidating their income.4. End of Product LifeAnother thing you want to pay attention to is the end of life of a product because of all of sudden a company says that they aren’t going to make this product anymore whether because they think it won’t sell as much as they are used to or just simply want to start producing a different one.This also causes a mad rush to go out and get what’s left of that product because there are people who are nostalgic and they like the product or they anticipated this would happen but the moment they hear that the company is going to stop making the product they suddenly rush out and they basically buy as many of that product as they possibly can.The same problem occurs again, the company seeing that the product that they want to stop selling suddenly became popular again wants to make more profit as much as possible and they quickly fall into the Bullwhip Effect.5. The UnforeseenThe fifth element is the unforeseen circumstances where you just can’t account for this sudden and drastic increase in demand and this is the most common cause of the Bullwhip Effect mainly for newer companies who don’t yet have an idea of how their products are viewed on the market.What you need to pay attention to is how the consumers are reacting to your product in terms of:Quantity â€" How much of the product you typically sell in a day, week, month or year.Expenses â€" How much do you spend on the finished product when you take into account its way from the manufacturer to the shelves.Profit â€" Is this a product which brings you your main source of income or just one portion of it, and do you want to make the risk of getting more of t hat product produced in order to increase your profit.There isn’t a recipe for dealing with the unforeseen circumstances, you will need to either take risks and profit from them or learn from your mistakes.KNOWING YOUR CONSUMERSThis is easier said than done but if you get to know your consumers need early on and start developing a pattern you will quickly get a grasp of knowing when a sudden change in demand could occur but nothing is certain.Look at this as like a precautionary measure, if you know the average amount your consumer buys in a month, try not to step away from that number or at least try to gradually add more of the product in your inventory in order to see if that will work.By adding or removing the product gradually from your stock you can easily pinpoint a round amount of how much of the product your consumers buy and also how much you are expected to have in inventory if a sudden rise in demands does happen.When you start to pay more attention to how your consume rs react to your product you will see what portion of your supply chain you need to be careful the most but more often than not it starts from the retailer which creates a domino effect in terms of increasing orders from the retailer all the way to the manufacturer.This is very nitpicky and sometimes it seems like too much effort, but Rome wasn’t built in a day and neither was any big company so patience is vital.THE MAIN CAUSE â€" GREEDNow I want to talk about something few business advisers will tell you which is that the main cause of the Bullwhip Effect isn’t just a sudden change in demand but also one of humans’ seven deadly sins and that is greed.Now it’s normal for a company to double their inventory when they see a change in demand but some companies go to the extent where they blindly take that risk right off the bat without thinking of the consequences or simply by not knowing how the supply chain functions.Dont try to make a risk if you arent sure it will work, th is will save you a lot of time and a lot of money and instead of wanting to make more profit than youre used to trying to maintain the usual state of your supply chain and learn how to protect it from failure.Sometimes in the world of finance, it isnt all about making more money but instead about how to keep the status quo.This sounds terrible for some but helpful for others, depends on your viewpoint on things I guess.LEARN FROM OTHERS MISTAKESI would like to remind you that the economy, like history, is bound to repeat its self, but what economy does even better than history is it tracks the rise and fall of great companies in its record of finances so you don’t have that problem of proving whether something has worked before or not.What Im trying to say is you literally have living proof throughout the history of big companies and their financial moves and more importantly if those moves that they made have paid off.Learn from others mistakes not from your own ones because it w ill surely cost you cheaper or nothing at all and you dont have anything to lose except a little of bit of time while planning your next move.Once you understand what to do, what to expect and how to turn your plan into reality you will easily avoid the Bullwhip Effect and it’s devastating on your supply chain. And another thing â€" don’t be greedy.EXPECT THE UNEXPECTEDEverything can go downhill by just one wrong move and a good way to avoid this is planning which some companies, I don’t know for what reason, either avoid doing or don’t do well.In order for you to not be in that position where your entire supply chain has a bigger inventory than its sales, you need to plan ahead and foresee the unforeseen even though it is literally impossible.Sometimes even if you know your consumers very well to the point like it seems you know them personally, you can easily fall in the trap of the Bullwhip Effect just by not planning ahead your short term and long term goals.So you need to stop and think for a second what are you trying to achieve and whether you want to keep the situation as is or if you want to move forward, but keep in mind that you can’t forecast everything that will come in the way of your goal.Expect everything, do your researches, plan every single possible outcome and it will eventually pay out, you just need to be consistent and not get demotivated WHAT TO DO IF YOU GET TRAPPED IN THE BULLWHIP EFFECTThis is a common question from the companies which have experienced the Bullwhip Effect and a large portion of them do eventually go into debt by not knowing how to get out of the mess that they’ve created.The simplest answer I would suggest for you to try is simply waiting for your inventory to go down to the stage it once was because there is nothing you can do which can have a quick result of solving this problem if you want to keep the same profit as before.Another thing you can do is sell the product at a much lower price in order to q uickly empty out your inventory, and try not to make the same mistake twice because the next one could be deadly to your company.But if you do find yourself in this situation try not to panic and maybe start thinking of closing down the company and instead try to move forward so you can recover as quickly as possible.At the end of the day at least you felt the Bullwhip Effect on your own skin and now know how to avoid it in the future. FINAL WORDTo summarize, the Bullwhip Effect is a big trap for any supply chain and company who acts before it thinks so try not to fall in that never-ending cycle of having more in stock than in your sales account especially if you have a food supply chain because the food can spoil and go to waste before you even recover from your losses leading to even more debt.The Bullwhip Effect is like a deadly disease, which can completely abolish your whole supply chain which at first it doesn’t seem to have a huge effect until the backlash happens, and sudd enly you realize that you’ve bitten more than you could chew.Try to utilize everything that I’ve talked about here and also see on what key element you need to pay attention to in your supply chain and I’m sure you won’t have this problem if you know the consequences.Nevertheless, everyone likes to do business in their own way but the Bullwhip Effect can occur in every supply chain so be careful and watch out.

Abraham Lincoln Heroes Serve Powers Or Principles Larger...

In his article on the characteristics of a hero, Tollefson writes â€Å"Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves.† Before one is called a hero, he should try to find a cause or principle where he is not the only one concerned. A hero cannot be called a hero if he does not defend something that should help people in general and not just himself. A hero gets his or her strength from higher principles and he or she knows the value of sacrifice. Only brave and strong men and women could fight against something evil that has existed for a long time because if they fight it, they might die or they might lose everything. Heroes are never afraid to fight for something that they believe in. Abraham Lincoln was one of heroes. He was an American president during 1861 to 1865, and he presents with all his power to his country. Abraham Lincoln was an outstanding hero because he endured many hardships in life, abolished black slavery, and helped reconstruct America after the Civil War. One reason why Lincoln is known as a hero was that he never gave up even though he had many hardships in his personal and political life. This is similar to Tollefson’s idea about a hero having character flaw like â€Å"political incorrectness† and become â€Å"easy targets for the purveyors of heroic perfectionism† (Tollefson). However, despite their flaws of character, they remain great people. Lincoln is one of those heroes who have had many failures in life but have proved himselfShow MoreRelatedThe Broken Promise of Reconstruction the Need for Restitution5574 Words   |  23 Pagesthe most widely written about event in American history and Reconstruction is the most mis-understood and least appreciated subject within this wider issue. 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Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay - 2606 Words

Same Sex Marriage The possibilities of finding your soulmate is already slim, the possibilities of he/she being your marriage partner is slimmer, why make it any harder, by not letting the couple enjoy the experience of planning and getting married, just because they are of the same gender. This bibliography will have a compare and contrast between same sex marriages. As well different opinions that are found online of said subject. For example, why we should or shouldn’t have same sex marriages, compare and contrast, I as well will be supporting my opinion in the matter, those would be in a married family, community/society, the church and the state, and finally my conclusion on the matter. Compare and Contrast: on same sex marriages in a married life with children. If you are planning or getting married, then maybe you are also debating on having children or not, like any other family. But same sex couples can’t reproduce children if they are of the same gender, at least not of the same parent, unless they have donor or so, especially in the family, but the bad news it’s expensive, but good news more money into hospitals, as well that some people are against it, â€Å"If the â€Å"spouses† want a child, they must circumvent nature by costly and artificial means or employ surrogates. The natural tendency of such a union is not to create families. Therefore, we cannot call a same-sex union marriage and give it the benefits of true marriage. ii† ii. The homosexual couple can also adoptShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1288 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is not precisely the same as it used to be interpreted. For example, women u sed to be their husband’s property. Sometimes the women were forced to marry whoever their parents wanted them to marry and most of the time they couldn’t leave the marriage. Nowadays women have more freedom. 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Many misguided studies appealed to those opposing same-sex marriage, but after several years of integrating in society, same-sex couples found the support they were looking for. Before the Supreme CourtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal899 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, same sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court overruled the court in favor of same sex freedom and marriage. The victory of same sex marriage came to be recognized from the Obergefell v. Hodges case which was submitted when an American Ohio man was denied and regretted to get his name on his late husband’s death certificate. Same sex marriage has been a controversial social issue in the United States for several decades. SinceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. Marriage has been accepted as the social union between a man and a woman for the past thousand years. Homosexuality was viewed with scorn, and marriages among same sex couples were prohibited in most cultures across the globe. However, gay relationships are slowly obtaining acceptance, as homosexuals have come to be expressive in fighting their rights to marry in the early 90’s. As homosexuality grows in acceptance in theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage becauseRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 Pages1776). The recognition of same-sex marriage is an issue influenced by numerous factors, and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships have the right to marriage. Marriage provides many benefits, legally, financially, and personally. Same-sex marriage can open up those in same-sex relationships to tax benefits and financial demands comparable to those afforded to and required of peo ple in opposite-sex marriages. Same-sex marriage also gives them legal protections, such as

Witness 1985 Short Story Free Essays

string(61) " to talk to him: make him see sense,† continued Schaeffer\." Carter didn’t recognize the room he had just woke up in. Confused he sat up and looked around, his eyes only taking a moment to adjust to the dimly lit surroundings. The room was very plain and almost completely bare aside from a white desk he sat behind and single light bulb that hung low from the ceiling. We will write a custom essay sample on Witness 1985 Short Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seeing a door out of his right eye he went to move for it, only then noticing the handcuffs restraining both hands to where he sat. â€Å"It must be cemented to the ground†, he thought, because no amount of wriggling on his behalf could move it even an inch. â€Å"Goddamit! Where the hell am I?† he shouted at the cement wall in front of him, scanning the room for anything that might give away his location. He didn’t appear to be hurt apart from a dull throbbing at the back of his head –the likely source of his unconsciousness – and a small cut on his lip that filled is mouth with the taste of salt and rust. His police badge was still clipped to his shirt and it too appeared undamaged. â€Å"Hey, somebody help me! Can anybody here me!† he yelled. â€Å"Keep it together, Carter, he thought. The last thing I need to do right now is panic. What had happened? His memories before had woken up here were nothing but a haze. Closing his eyes tightly, he tried to picture where he had been before he had woken up here. The memories started to trickle through the darkness of his mind, gradually forming shapes and images until it finally washed through him like a wave and he could remember. It had started with a phone call â€Å"Did you deliver the kid’s interview to Shaefer?† the John had asked from the telephone. It was the middle of the night and the call had been a rude awakening for Carter. The Amish boy had been the only witness to a police officer’s murder, but Carter didn’t know why the interview was so important. â€Å"Nah I didn’t get around to it,† said Carter sleepily, stifling back a yawn. â€Å"What’s goin’ on man? â€Å"I haven’t got time to explain,† came Book’s exasperated voice. â€Å"I want all the paperwork on the Lapp case to disappear. I need it done tonight, do you understand?† â€Å"Do you know what you’re telling me to do, John?† he asked, shocked and now very much awake. â€Å"Just do it, man,† retorted Book. â€Å"I’m gonna disappear for a couple of days†. â€Å"What’s going on, man?† asked Carter alarmed. â€Å"What is happening?† â€Å"I’ll call you when I can,† said Book. â€Å"And be careful. Schaefer’s in this too†. Book hung up leaving Carter utterly astounded. It was one thing for McFee, an esteemed narcotics detective, to be involved in this drug scheme as well as the murder of a fellow officer, but now their Chief of Police as well. What was he going to do? He went to the station that night to get the files. The file room was deserted but that didn’t stop him looking over his should every three seconds. The paper shredder was waiting in his study when he got home. To Carter it looked more like a dangerous weapon he was about to commit some awful crime with. â€Å"What the hell am I doing?† he said under his breath â€Å"This is against the law.† How much was he risking for Book and the Lapps? Going to prison, certainly, but perhaps something even worse? He couldn’t help but think what Schaefer and McFee would do if they found out. At that moment Carter looked down at his badge. Even upside-down he could read the brass coloured motto engraved into it. â€Å"Protect and serve,â€Å" he said firmly. After a brief pause Carter turned on the shredder. â€Å"You owe me one, man,† he muttered to himself as he pushed the files into the machine. The next few days at the station were spent with his head down. Luckily, without his Book around, Carter was busy with both of their cases, giving Schaefer only a couple of brief opportunities to interrogate him. Each time Carter had played dumb, Book had up and ran without telling him anything. Three nights after receiving the call from Book, Carter was called out for duty. The alley was dark and deserted as he walked along; littered with broken glass and old newspapers that fluttered in the cold evening breeze. Carter pulled his coat tighter around his body, but I could do nothing to keep him from shuddering. A drop of rain landed silently on his nose. He had live in Philly long enough to know a bout of thunder and lightning would soon follow, but he was too preoccupied with the storm raging in his own mind to take much notice. He had been called out to investigate one of the slum-like apartments that filled the alleyway: a possible homicide perp. An automated light switched on as he stopped outside the apartment, bathing him in its brilliance. It distracted him enough so that he did not notice the figure that step out from the shadows behind him, hearing only a whoosh of air as something heavy was brought down on his head. Clack! Clack! Clack! Carter’s eyes flew open as he heard the sound of approaching footsteps. The door opened, and in walked Schaefer followed closely by Mcfee. He expected them to be behind his kidnapping, though he thought they probably had some hired crony knock him out. Neither men were smiling and Carter could feel their eyes shooting bullets at him. Mcfee was holding something heavy in both hands, though looking into the shadows Carter could not make out what it was. Schaefer approach the desk and looked down on Carter with an exasperated expression. â€Å"You knew you couldn’t avoid me forever,† said Schaeffer, slowly circling Carter. â€Å"Why don’t you tell me where he is, Sergeant? â€Å"You know, don’t you?† Carter stared forward, hardly daring to breathe. â€Å"I just want to talk to him: make him see sense,† continued Schaeffer. You read "Witness 1985 Short Story" in category "Papers" â€Å"I know he’s with the Amish. God, I’d do anything to see him now. Can you imagine John at a prayer meeting?† he said, chuckling. â€Å"Go to hell,† spat Carter. â€Å"I was afraid you might say that,† replied Schaefer. â€Å"Mcfee, bring it over hear†. Mcfee did has he was told and brought the object over to the table, setting it down with a dull thud. Carter’s stomach fell when he saw what it was. It was a car battery. He was full of terror once more at the sheer thought of being tortured. He had to do something, anything, to escape this fate. He did his best to keep his composure. â€Å"It’s called a â€Å"picana† and it can deliver twelve thousand volts of electricity†, explained Schaefer. â€Å"It is very painful, you can trust me on that, so just tell me where he is so we don’t have be unpleasant.† Carter said nothing, instead looked him straight in the eyes, noticing that Schaefer failed to meet his gaze. â€Å"Lost the meaning, did you, Paul?† said Carter. â€Å"What,† responded Schaefer. â€Å"Isn’t that what you used to say about dirty cops?† explained Carter. Somewhere along the way they lost the meaning? John told me about it. He also told me that you taught him everything about being a cop. I guess you can’t teach someone how to be a scumbag.† In that instant, Schaefer could see Book sitting in front of him and he was brought back ten years when John had been fresh out of the academy and where he still lived for the law. But those days were over. Schaefer leaned over the desk towards Carter until his face was only a foot away, blocking out the light, so that Carter could see every wrinkle on his aging face. â€Å"You can, believe what you like about your precious hero, John Book, but he’s no better than the rest of us.† This could be my chance thought Carter. He looked at Schaefer for a moment and then spat a round ball of saliva into his eye. â€Å"You’re not a man,† said Carter. You’re nothing but a worthless piece of garbage. Carter could see that his comment had hit home. A look of pure loathing entered Schaefer’s face and, like lightning, he pulled out his gun and pull the trigger. In the split second it took for the bullet to hit him, a million thoughts rushed through Carter’s head, but is felt the hot fire in his chest and the darkness closing in, one overrode them all. He had done his duty. He looked up at Schaefer and saw the regret in his face at what he had just done. â€Å"Protect and serve,† he whispered finally, and closed his eyes. Composition Questions 1. Which task option did you choose? I chose the insertion of incident / episode; 1. (i) Describe the setting(s) (ii) How is the setting made significant? The story is set, for the most part, in the room of an old warehouse. The setting is significant because it is very separate from the rest of the world, just like to Amish and the corrupt police force. 1. Describe the character(s) – no more than three main characters (advise one or two characters) by: 1. Sergeant Carter 1. Authorial description: a honourable cop who is looking to protect and serve the innocent and defend anyone against the corruption of the police 2. Dialogue: Carter’s dialogue will reveal that he is a self-assured, confident policeman who will stick up for what he believes in 3. Action and interaction: the way Carter acts when he is captured will show that his is courageous is the face a danger and will do anything to fulfil his duty. 4. Other characters opinions of the person: The conversation between Book and Carter shows that Book trusts his partner whole-heartedly even with the whereabouts of his hiding place. Paul Schaefer on the other hand respects Carter’s integrity but at the same time loathes him for the fact that he has not become corrupted. 1. Narrative elements: 1. Establishment: The establishment takes place after Carter wakes up in the warehouse. It shows the call from Book 2. Complication: Carter finds out that Scahefer was involved with Zenovich’s murder and must destroy the Lapp families file so they can not find them or Book 3. Conflict: After avoiding Schaefer at the station he is called out at night to a fake perpetrator and is then knocked unconscious 4. Climax: McFee and Schaefer come to the warehouse to question and torture Carter in order to find the whereabouts of Book. 5. Resolution: Carter realises he will betray Book and the Lapps if he is tortured so he find a way to anger Schaefer enough so that he will kill him first. He manages to do this a dies at peace knowing he has done the right thing 5. How did you use description in the story to create a dominant impression? Giving a description of the room in which Carter had been imprisoned as well as the dark alley in which he was assaulted help create a dominant impression. 6. How did you use foreshadowing by: reactions, sentence and phrase length, motifs, images or symbols? I primarily used the motif and symbol of the police badge and police motto to create foreshadowing. Carter didn’t know if he do what he required to be law, or what he was required to do as a police officer. Then he looked at his badge and saw that he needed to protect and serve. He could have chosen to save his own life by turning book in, but the audience knew this would happen after he looked at the badge. There was also some dialogue use in which he ask rhetorically what Schaefer ad Mcfee would do to him if they found out. When he is walking down the alley, it is cold and about to storm which is a foreshadowing that he is about to be captured but also shows the helplessness of his situation. 7. What is the invited reading of your story? How do you use story elements (incident, statements, actions, reactions, motifs) to make the reader interpret an idea, a person or an event favourably, or less favourably? I invited the reader to look less favourably upon the theme of police corruption by using the phone call event between John and Carter as well as implying that Schaefer has tortured people before. 1. Which point of view narration did you develop (first person central; first person limited; third person limited; third person omniscient)? Which difficulties did you encounter in trying to produce this point of view? For almost the entirety of the story I used a third person limited narration, or at least it seemed I did; however at the end I give a brief perspective of Schaefer that make to story third person omniscient. It was difficult to change the perspective from one person to the other, as it seemed to give too much information to the audience. 1. Which purpose did direct speech serve in the story’s effect? Some of the dialogue was very strong and it was used to highlight the drama of certain scenes as well as the over all story. 1. Where have you used crosscutting and/ or flashback? The story starts off when Carter wakes up and realizes he has been captured. He then tries to remember what has happened the last few days and it flashes back to a phone call he had with Book. It then describes the events that lead up to him being captured and the cuts back into the scene in which he is captured. Schaefer has a brief cross-cut when he remember Book when he started on the force 1. Give examples of your use of pathetic fallacy. The room in which Carter is bare and dark, which shows the mood of that he is in at this point. When he is walking down the alley, it is cold and about to storm which is a foreshadowing that he is about to be captured but also shows the helplessness of his situation. 1. Have you settled on one incident or episode (see task options) in which flashbacks are used, including one or more voices conveyed by reported thinking or by direct quotation? Yes I decided to insert a episode in which the murder of Carter takes place. I use the reported thought of Carter and Schaefer as well as the dialogue of Carter, Book and Schaefer. 1. Did you unify the parts of the story by motif, symbol, event or juxtaposition? The symbol of the police badge and the motif of the police motto, â€Å"protect and serve†, run through the story. There is also a constant juxtaposition of light and darkness in respect to the good and bad cops. How to cite Witness 1985 Short Story, Papers

Science a boon or bane free essay sample

Science may be called a mixed blessing. It has made our life peaceful and comfortable. But it has also filled it with fears and tears. The invention of the wheel, electricity and wonder drug, penicillin has revolutionized human life. Now our life has become safer, easier and more comfortable than that of our ancestors. But now we have conquered time and space and have tamed all the forces of nature. We have, in fact, risen from the lowest position of cavemen to the highest position of spacemen. Every coin has two faces. The same science which has been of such great assistance to mankind has another face. There is a drastic change in the lives we are leading today and that we had 10 years ago. Science has changed the face of the world with great advancements being made in every field. Science which has bestowed us with development, progress, expansion and growth has also brandished us with hostilities, destruction, violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Science: a boon or bane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Science has not only bettered human life but also has posed it into greater risks and challenges. Fears of accident have risen. Environment has been badly polluted with new diseases ever emerging. Computers have replaced manual jobs, leaving millions of workers jobless, With new facilities and services, man has obtained comfort but satisfaction. He is growing lazy and lavish. He has become a slave of technologies. Science has also boosted the brutal aspect of a man. Production of new warfare technology has posed the danger of more devastating wars. The whole world can be destroyed in a few seconds.

Charles Darwin and the Development and impact of t Essays

Charles Darwin and the Development and impact of t Essays Charles Darwin and the Development and impact of the Theory of Evolution by Natural and Sexual Selection Introduction It is commonly thought today that the theory of evolution originated from Darwin in the nineteenth century. However, the idea that species mutate over time has been around for a long time in one form or another. Therefore, by Darwins time the idea that species change from one type into another was by no means new, but was rejected by most because the proponents of evolution could not come up with a satisfactory mechanism that would explain this change. The most influential evolutionary theories prior to Darwin were those of Lamarck and Geoffroy St. Hilaire, developed between 1794 and 1830. Lamarck suggested that species evolve through the use or disuse of particular organs. In the classic example a giraffe that stretches its neck slightly to reach higher leaves will gain in neck length, and this small gain would be passed on to its offspring. Geoffroy, on the other hand suggested that the change was discontinuous, large in magnitude, and occurred at the production of offspring. However, these theories of evolution were based on a priori explanations that offered no demonstrated mechanism. Darwins theory of evolution differs in that it is based on three easily verified observations. First, individuals within a species vary from one another in morphology, physiology, and behavior. Second, variation is in some part heritable so that variant forms have offspring that resemble them. Third, different variants leave different number of offspring. Darwin than proceeded to elaborate on the mechanism of evolution by suggesting that in the universal struggle for life, nature selects those individuals who are best suited (fittest) for the struggle, and these individuals in turn reproduce more than those who are less fit, thus changing the composition of the population. In addition to natural selection, Darwin also suggested that species also evolve through the complementary process of sexual selection. According to Darwin, in sexual selection, one gender of a species develops a preference for individuals of the other gender who possess certain features. The individuals who possess these features will than have a reproductive advantage over others, resulting in a greater number of offspring, and thus, again, a change in the composition of the population. Therefore, it was Darwin who made the theory of evolution feasible by providing the mechanisms of natural and sexual selection. Darwins Formative Years Charles Darwin was born in England in 1809 and belonged to a wealthy and respectable family. His grandfather, Erasamus Darwin, was a noted botanical expert in his day who published two important books, Zoonomia, and the Botanic Garden. In these books, Erasamus speculated about various evolutionary ideas that were dismissed as too radical (i.e., the nose of the swine has become hard for the purpose of turning up the soil in search of insects and roots). Darwin who in his youth read his grandfathers books with admiration, later commented that his grandfather anticipated the views and erroneous grounds of opinion of Lamarck. Nevertheless, Erasamus may have unconsciously influenced Darwin in preparing the way for evolution by natural selection. In 1818, at the age of 9, Darwin entered the Shrewsbury school, which was ran by Dr. Butler. Darwin later recalled that nothing could have been worse for the development of my mind than Dr. Butlers school, as it was strictly classical, nothing else being taught , except a little ancient geography and history. The school as a means of education to me was simply a blank. He was removed from the school in 1825, and was sent to Edinburgh to study medicine. There he studied for two years before deciding that he didnt like medicine. But before he left Edinburgh, he was introduced for the first time to the theories of Lamarck. According to Darwin at the time he was not very impressed with Lamarcks ideas. In 1828, at his fathers suggestion, Darwin entered Christs College in Cambridge to become a clergyman. To Darwin a good education meant instruction in the methods and logic of thought. Therefore, Just about the only thing he enjoyed studying there was Paleys works on theology, because of their logic. For the rest, however, he judged Cambridge

Worst Super Glue Accidents

Worst Super Glue Accidents Super glue is an amazing adhesive. Its so amazing that its easy to accidentally glue something you didnt want glued! Have you ever super glued something by mistake or even meant to glue it and then regretted it? What did you end up doing to fix the problem? I asked readers to share their stories. Here is what they wrote... Awkward I remember this one time I was sitting next to my friend in science class, Justin, and I smashed a glass container. My teacher gave me super glue because apparently they were low on glass test tubes so I had to glue it back together, but what I didnt realize is that I had glue on my hands and when I reached to put the glass test tube back in the tray I accidentally touched my friends hand. I dont know why but we literally couldnt move our hands apart so because I was embarrassed to tell a teacher about it, I had to sit through 3 classes (1 hour each) with my hand stuck to Justins. After that we had to walk to my house, un-stick our hands and then Justin had to walk home. The next day was so awkward. - Amy Thaitene Going Crazy Glued My Teeth About 6 months ago I did the worst thing Ive ever done to my body I super glued my teeth nothing actually happened or I didnt really notice but the last month I started with the little peeling and now I noticed that my 80 percent of my teeth covered in a layer of glue. I have never experienced anything like this in my life and it is hell. - super tethed How to Remove Super Glue from Other Stuff Usually you should apply acetone to a cotton ball and apply to the doorknob areas where they are glued. Then wait a bit. The acetone should seep through the closed spaces and remove it so you can pop it off. - Alison Super Glue Issue I used a super glue type product to glue the temp control knob in my car that came off. Now the knob wont turn at all. How can I pop the knob off, even though it has been super glued? - Guest Jeff Franklin Carpet vs Hardwood Our 3 year old daughter glued our pet cats paws to the carpet so that he would stay! Thank goodness it simply took a few snips of the scissors to free Smokey. - Shes2cute Pants, Man! Literally half an hour ago I was super gluing together my broken binder and the glue was being stubborn, so I squeezed a little harder and half of the tube came out and instantly dried - on my pants. It soaked through and stuck to my leg, so Im now trying to do the whole mayonnaise thing because I have mayo. Hope it works. - juantacos Nail Fail Attempting to glue on falsies. All going well put the glue on the then I went to put it on my finger, but I had glued it to my fingers from holding it wrong then pulled it off. Glue went all over my face. Scared me half to death. Hurt so much! - noname Lol I hate super glue. Never used it but Im scared so I wear full protection. - lol Super Glued My Eye In a college art class I couldnt get the superglue out of the tube so squeezed it real hard and it shot up into my eye. I pried my eye until it opened up again and work at getting the glue of the skin and lashes. It was hard though because it was also caked all over my fingers. Luckily I think I must have blinked my eyes just as it hit my eye because it seemed to only be on the outside. I ripped some eyelashes out and had to wait and work at the glue for it all to come off. But after that experience, I feel pretty stupid, who gets super glue in their eye in college? - johannanow Mayonnaise NOT Acetone I glued 3 fingers with Super Glue! Soak fingers in a bowl of mayonnaise for 20 minutes and the glue will crystallize and crumble off. No fuss, no muss... no acetone! - Papa J Pepper I JUST GOT SOME SUPERGLUE ON MY FINGER (DIDNT KNOW IT WAS ON THERE). ANYWAY, PUT MY FINGER NEXT TO MY NOSE, AND. OF COURSE IT LANDED ON MY FACE WHICH WE ALL KNOW IT DRIED QUICKLY. YOU KNOW WHAT I GOT IT OFF WITH I PUT SOME SIMPLE VASELINE ON IT AND LET IT SIT FOR ABOUT 10 MINUTES THEN I RUBBED IT BRISKLY AND IT CAME RIGHT OFF! THATS MY INVENTION FOR THE DAY! - JC Super Glue Prevention to Get Smeared Prevention to get smeared by Super Glue is better than for the exercises for removal. Apply generously any edible oil (cooking oil) -groundnut/peanut/sunflower/soybean whatever is available on both of you hands and wait for a few minutes. Wipe of you hands with waste cotton/cloth/tissue paper. use safety goggle/zero glass to protect your eyes. Super glue will not stubbornly act on your skin. You can wash off your hand with any soap and warm water. - D.K.Sarkar Never Using Super Glue Again I squirted super glued my eye years back when I was trying to fix a split in a manicured finger nail. The glue wouldnt come out of the tube (it was like a toothpaste tube), so I gave the tube a good squeeze. The came squirting out the back, crimped end and into one of my eyes and under it. It stung and my first thought was will I be blinded? Luckily, my tearing eye cleared away the glue that was on my eye ball, but I could not get the glue from the skin under my eye without very gently using nail polish remover and a cotton swab multiple times over a couple of days and it looked like I had a wrinkled rash under the eye until I get the last of it off. - ShelleyElmblad The Things We Do for Beauty... Yes, Ill admit it. I did super glue my eyeball. Actually, it was the cyanoacrylate glue that comes with single false eyelashes. My aim was not so great and I stuck an eyelash to my eyeball. I know, it sounds horrible, but it wasnt so bad. The glue did sting a little, but it loosened on its own in a couple of minutes. I wouldnt recommend it though. - gemdragon

Jim Sharpe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jim Sharpe - Essay Example He has to find a business within the time period he has given himself. And finally time has to quickly adapt to this new role of his. He has to keep pace with the dynamics of the situation and keep increasing his learning curve. Sharpe is falling short of the capital required to make the deal. Thus he is going for a leveraged buyout. The upside of this way of transacting is the availability of liquidity and flipping. However, the second benefit is cut by the original owner. In case the business does not go well, Tim will be in whole lot of mess. The biggest culture change that he will experience is the unionized environment of his acquired company. Whereas previously in which ever company he has worked in there was zero tolerance for unionization. But in this company the previous owner has received quiet serious blows from the activities of the union. Tim is in a very tough situation and he needs the commitment of his employees to execute is turnaround strategy. If they do not comply with his orders than he would have much to lose as compared to his workers. If Press Alloy had been a subsidiary of large corporations than in it current situation, it would have been decide by the corporate CIO to put it out for divestitures or liquidate it. Tim might have received a comparatively lower price, because the people who are dissecting Press Alloy from the parent company are not looking to sell it at a profit. These people are happy with whatever they can muster. Their focus is to minimize the parent company’s losses arising due to Press Alloy’s unprofitable operations. The corporate guy responsible for the deal would have a minimum price to extract, whereas the original entrepreneur would be pricing the company according to the company’s earning potential, thereby shifting the paradigm of the entire negotiation

Paper discussing how Langston Hughes' poetry provides a critique of Essay

Paper discussing how Langston Hughes' poetry provides a critique of relations between blacks and whites in the U.S. Based on poems I will upload - Essay Example In his essay, "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," Hughes presents his views about writers and poets’ loss of racial pride stating that "no great poet has ever been afraid of being himself" (http://www.poemhunter.com/langston-hughes/biography). He continues to declare: There is an obvious distinction and a distance between the blacks and the whites in the poems of Hughes. For instance, in â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers† (Meyer, 2002, p. 912), the persona speaks of his racial pride as part of humanity This significance to humanity and civilization is also reflected in â€Å"Negro† (p. 916). The very title itself is a proud affirmation of the persona’s dark skin. Stanzas 2-5 speak of the blacks as slave, worker, singer, and victim. As a slave, the black works for the whites in base positions as cleaner of the steps and boots. These are two terms that imply very low and humbling tasks. As a worker, he tells with pride that great structures and buildings could only be erected because of the blacks. As, a singer, he is allowed to voice out and express his misery. Finally, as a victim, he shows how he is tortured and killed by the whites. â€Å"Danse Africaine† (p. 917) talks of the rhythm of the beating of the tom-toms and the dancing of a veiled girl. This speaks of the African culture. Upon hearing the beat and the rhythm, the true blood of the blacks is stirred (lines 5 and 15). This stirring may speak of an awakening to get into action whether to fight or stand up for some important thing. This stirring may be alarming if the whites stay off-guard. Further, this may imply that too much discrimination may result to revolt. These lines imply being able to freely express one’s self in the open (â€Å"In the face of the sun†). This further illustrates how the blacks are hidden in the dark or are marginalized. Moreover, there is a positive description of the blacks in the following lines: Another

James :: essays research papers

A captivating tale of relationship of two troubling brothers in Harlem, "Sonny's Blues" is told from a perspective of Sonny's brother, whose name is never mentioned. Baldwin's choice of Sonny's brother as a narrator is what makes "Sonny's Blues" significant in terms of illustrating the relationship and emotional complications of Sonny and his brother. The significance of "Sonny's Blues" lies in the way Sonny's brother describes the relationship based on what he observes, hears, and feels, and how he struggles trying to understand Sonny through the course of the story. As Sonny's brother, he gets to be physically and mentally as close to Sonny as anyone else can. Readers get to know that Sonny's brother is a fairly reliable narrator from the fact that he is an algebra teacher and far less abused by "horse" or "the low ceiling of their actual possibilities" than the kids around the neighborhood, including Sonny. Sonny's brother is aware of what is going on between Sonny and him and accurately describes the relationship, "The seven years' difference in our ages lay between us like a chasm: I wondered if these years would ever operate between us as a bridge." (44) The "chasm" is where the story begins, and revolves around the entire story. Sonny's brother is aware of the "chasm," yet what Sonny is thinking remains mysterious since the narrator himself does not know. His narration allows readers to keep wondering and exploring flaky and "dreamlike" mind of Sonny. Sonny's brother stands as a major character and also as a first person narrator, meaning that he is a participant in the action. Baldwin achieves the sense of vividness by placing the narrator right in the middle of the action. "I started down the steps, whistling to keep from crying, I kept whistling to myself, You going to need me, baby, one of these cold, rainy days." (54) After an awful fight, Sonny's brother is disappointed at Sonny and himself. His whistling vividly conveys his struggle, despair and also love for his brother, allowing readers to get into his feeling. Dialogue is effectively used from Sonny's brother's point of view to convey how misunderstanding of two brothers gets built up. In the middle of a long conversation, Sonny's brother notes, "I simply couldn't see why on earth he'd want to spend his time hanging around nightclubs, clowning around on bandstands, while people pushed each other around a dance floor.

Managing Diversity in the Workplace

Many people believe that discrimination is a thing of the past. They acknowledge that discrimination in the workplace was a serious problem in earlier times. In the present times, there is already heightened awareness of the problem, as well as the significant legal and financial consequences, have eliminated most forms of discrimination.Aside from globalization, â€Å"multiculturalism† has become one of the buzzwords of the Information Age. Multiculturalism connotes diversity in culture and society. In realization of the diversity in American culture, multiculturalism has its roots in the things that separate people from each other. Varieties of multiculturalism go in different directions; but whether radical or liberal, whether emphasizing power or weakness and the distinct contributions of each ethnic group, multiculturalism keeps coming back to its roots in the word â€Å"difference†.The ideal of diversity, the mixing of things up, spreading the wealth, creating a n ew concept of â€Å"us†, never quite ensued rapidly. In relating to racial, ethnic and sexual identity, multiculturalism carved out discrete areas of high visibility but kept those areas self-contained. Since the middle of the 1990's, dissatisfaction with this situation has been widespread, especially as the very concept of race has been forcefully called into question. Black may have been beautiful in the 1960's, and powerful in the 1970's, but it has also become increasingly viewed by cultural historians as a social construct, one fixed in place only by racism itself (Cotter, 2001).As most of the people leading America's major institutions have grown up in segregated communities with segregated schools, they have had limited opportunities to interact with people from different cultures-people whose first language may not be English, or whose skin color is not the same as their own. Many of these leaders have internalized all the stereotypes about race, gender, sexual orient ation and ethnicity that are built into the structures of our society and our organizations.They are ill prepared for the heterogeneity which exists in most organizations today and will surely exist in all organizations tomorrow. The dramatic changes that are upon us are creating an imperative to consider real integration of all workers–not as a matter of social justice or civil rights, but as a necessity for survival (Cross, 2000, p. 2).Despite the fact that there are laws that inhibit, discrimination still exists in many corporations. Class-action discrimination lawsuits are still being settled every day to the tune of millions of dollars. For example, Texaco settled a $176.1 million racial discrimination lawsuit involving 1,400 employees;Ford Motor Company agreed to pay $3 million to settle allegations that women and minority applicants were discriminated against in the hiring process at several Ford plants; and Coca-Cola settled a racial discrimination lawsuit for $192.5 million. Currently, unsettled suits alleging workplace discrimination are pending at organizations ranging from Johnson & Johnson and BellSouth to the National Football League (George and Jones 2005, 341).In someone's place of employment, for example, what does it mean when individual differences are distributed unequally across organizational levels or among work functions? What are the implications of some members holding majority status while others are minorities in respect to representation with the organization?The daily work challenges faced by minority cultures or populations in organizations can range from having to deal with misunderstandings and lack of sensitivity on the one hand to suffering harassment and discrimination, active or subtle, on the other. In respect to race relations in the workplace, a Fortune magazine article once concluded: â€Å"The good news is, there's plenty of progress for companies and employees to talk about.†¦ But what often doesn't get s aid, especially in mixed-race settings, is how much remains to get done† (Mehta 2000, p. 182).A recent study revealed that when rà ©sumà ©s are sent to potential employers, those with white-sounding first names, such as Brett, received 50 percent more responses than those with black-sounding first names, such as Kareem. The fact is that such bias can still be limiting factors in too many work settings (Columbus Dispatch, 2003). Prejudice, or the holding of negative, irrational opinions and attitudes regarding members of diverse populations, sets the stage for diversity bias in the workplace.Such bias can result in discrimination that actively disadvantages individuals by treating them unfairly and denying them the full benefits of organizational membership. This means that even though organizations are changing today, people are still aware that most senior executives in large organizations are older, white, and male. There is still likely to be more workforce diversity at l ower and middle levels of most organizations than at the top.In seeing diversity, one common theme in some approaches is that â€Å"diversity is about all kinds of difference.† However, this view takes us down a dead-end road. Surely, the goal of management in general is just that: â€Å"managing all kinds of difference.† It is clear that what is   needed from a field that is called â€Å"managing diversity† are theories and practices that help organizations reduce discrimination and enable employees who are increasingly diverse by race, gender, sexual orientation and ability to work together effectively.Managers not only need to be competent in basic management skills, they need to learn how to apply those skills competently and comfortably when the employees in their charge are not like them. They need to know how to apply the organization's policies and practices equitably to all employees.When managers become aware of evidence of potential discrimination, they need to pay immediate attention and act proactively to address the potential problem and perhaps change the organization's policies and practices. The management and leadership implications should be summed up in the concept of managing diversity. R. Roosevelt Thomas Jr. (1992) defines this as the process of comprehensively developing a work environment that is for everyone, that allows â€Å"all kinds of people to reach their full potential.†To help guide others in managing diversity, he poses these questions: (1) â€Å"What do I as a manager need to do to ensure the effective and efficient utilization of employees in pursuit of the corporate mission?† (2) â€Å"What are the implications of diversity for the way I manage?† When all managers can answer these questions positively Thomas calls the organization â€Å"diversity mature.†In such organizations, there is a diversity mission as well as an organizational mission; diversity is viewed as a strat egic imperative and the members understand diversity concepts. Ultimately, Thomas & Woodruff (1999) considered the basic building block of a diversity-mature organization is to become the â€Å"diversity-mature individual†. According to Thomas & Woodruff, a â€Å"diversity-mature individual† is someone who can positively and honestly answer the nine questions posed in The Effective Manager 2.1:Are You Mature on Diversity?1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do you accept personal responsibility for improving your performance?2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do you accept personal responsibility for improving your organization's performance?3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do you understand yourself and your organization?4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do you understand important diversity concepts?Do you make decisions involving differences based on ability to meet job requirements? Do you understand that diversity is complex and accompanied by tensions? Are you able to cope with complexity and tensions in addr essing diversity? Are you willing to challenge the way things are? Are you willing to learn continuously?In a research reported by the Gallup Management Journal (December 2001), revealed that establishing a racially and ethnically inclusive workplace is good for morale. In a study of 2014 American workers, those who felt included were more likely to stay with their employers and recommend them to others. Survey questions asked such things as: â€Å"Do you always trust your company to be fair to all employees?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"At work, are all employees always treated with respect?† â€Å"Does your supervisor always make the best use of employees' skills?† they have gathered a conclusion that organizational culture of inclusivity counts both in terms of respect for people and in building organizational capacities for sustainable high performance.Thus, managers and business leaders today find that managing diversity makes good business sense as a strategic imperative, not ju st a legal and moral one. A diverse workforce offers a rich pool of talents, ideas, and viewpoints useful for solving the complex problems of highly competitive and often-uncertain environments. No doubt that well-managed workforce diversity increases human capital. If we are to succeed in helping our organizations and our society become more equitable, more open, more inclusive and more profitable, we must not fall into power struggles between the management and its subordinates.There is still no panacea that would eventually eliminate racial and gender biases, but in working together to the advantage of everyone will somehow dissolve the various barriers that impede productive output and understanding our fellowmen. This is because the success of an organization mainly lies on a common consensus that considers diversity to be an opportunity for everyone in an organization to learn from each other and harness each other’s cooperation in order to improve the quality of the pe rformance – as an individual, as a group and as a company.ReferencesColumbus Dispatch. (2003, January 17). Racism in Hiring Remains, Study Says. p. B2.Cross, E. Y. (2000). Managing Diversity–The Courage to Lead. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.Gallup Management Journal. (2001, December). The Most Inclusive Workplaces Generate the Most Loyal Employees. Gallup Group.George, Jennifer M. & Jones, Gareth R. (2005). Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior, (4th ed.), New York: Prentice-Hall – Pearson Education Company.Mehta, Stephanie N. (2000, July 10). What Minority Employees Really Want, Fortune, pp. 181–186.Thomas, R. Roosevelt Jr. (1992). Beyond Race and Gender (New York: AMACOM), p. 10Thomas, R. Roosevelt Jr. & Woodruff, Marjorie I. (1999).Building a House for Diversity (New York: AMACOM).

African American English ( Aae ) - 1305 Words

African American English (AAE) is commonly referred to as Ebonics, as well as black speech, black vernacular, and several other phrases. According to William Labov, â€Å"This African American Vernacular English shares most of its grammar and vocabulary with other dialects of English. But it is distinct in many ways, and it is more different from Standard English (SE) than any other dialect spoken in continental North America.† (Pullum, 39) AAE is a precious product of a people who mastered a language under the inhumane conditions of slavery. African American English is in fact a form of Standard English, and can be considered as the common dialect of African Americans. The historical phonological patterns of the dialect highlight the continuous intergenerational strength of the African American people. Research on AAE increased after the 1996 recognition of African American English being the primary language in several U.S. school systems. Prior to this recognition, African American English was considered to be incorrect and especially inappropriate in any formal setting. However, in recent years African American English has been acknowledged as a unique set of phonological rules and patterns and has been deemed by linguists, speech pathologists, and some educators acceptable to speak in all settings. Being that AAE is my primary dialect and that I study both African American Studies and Communication Sciences and Disorders, the study of the AAE is especially interesting toShow MoreRelatedToni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Essay3186 Words   |  13 Pagesuses language and experience to incite change in a warped society that marginalizes its people based on language, race, and class. With the utilization of African American English (AAE), Bambara sheds light on some questionable prejudices and problems with capitalism in American society. 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Describe five specific events/political issues/ economic issues/ religious issues/ educationalRead MoreStandardized Testing And Its Impact On The Classroom1633 Words   |  7 Pagescorrect use of AAE and demonstrated accurate rules for this dialect. However, the student did not directly answer the question posed. Instead of listing quality traits he listed an individual. A combination of his grammar mixed with his response resulted in receiving a score of a 3 from Puthoff. This response grade although was overturned by his supervisor to a 2 (Lussenhop). Puthoff claims the essay was deserving of a higher grade but the student’s use of African American English encouraged hisRead MoreTeaching Hel Is The Variation Of Language And Give Voice Of Ordinary People Speaking796 Words   |  4 Pagessamples, we do have recordings of older speakers in American English that continue to exhibit some of the same dialect features found in early Englishes. 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